NBC protection covers all measures to defend and prevent nuclear (N), biological (B) and chemical (C) threats and hazards. These include prevention efforts and the preparation of protective measures, as well as reconnaissance, protection from contamination and infection, and decontamination and medical treatment when such an incident occurs. The aim is to minimise the impact of NBC incidents on the population, animals and the environment.

NBC protection has always been part of NEOC core tasks in accordance with legal regulations. The NEOC is involved in any incidents where there is an increase in radioactivity, as well as in any large-scale chemical accident or in cause of dangers caused by organisms.

The NEOC also makes valuable contributions to various working groups supporting the the Federal Commission for NBC Protection (ComNBC).